Composition and physical properties of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer and the North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer
Identifieur interne : 000076 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000075; suivant : 000077Composition and physical properties of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer and the North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer
Auteurs : Pengfei Yu [États-Unis] ; Owen B. Toon [États-Unis] ; Ryan R. Neely [Royaume-Uni, États-Unis] ; Bengt G. Martinsson [Suède] ; Carl A M. Brenninkmeijer [Allemagne]Source :
- Geophysical Research Letters [ 0094-8276 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Recent studies revealed layers of enhanced aerosol scattering in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over Asia (Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL)) and North America (North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer (NATAL)). We use a sectional aerosol model (Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA)) coupled with the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) to explore the composition and optical properties of these aerosol layers. The observed aerosol extinction enhancement is reproduced by CESM1/CARMA. Both model and observations indicate a strong gradient of the sulfur-to-carbon ratio from Europe to the Asia on constant pressure surfaces. We found that the ATAL is mostly composed of sulfates, surface-emitted organics, and secondary organics; the NATAL is mostly composed of sulfates and secondary organics. The model also suggests that emission increases in Asia between 2000 and 2010 led to an increase of aerosol optical depth of the ATAL by 0.002 on average which is consistent with observations.
The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer is composed of sulfate, primary organics, and secondary organics
The North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer is mostly composed of sulfate and secondary organics
Aerosol Optical Depth of Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer increases by 0.002 from 2000 to 2010
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/2015GL063181
PubMed: 26709320
PubMed Central: 4681454
Affiliations:
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Toon</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder</institution><addr-line>Boulder, Colorado, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boulder, Colorado</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="au2"><institution>Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder</institution><addr-line>Boulder, Colorado, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boulder, Colorado</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neely, Ryan R" sort="Neely, Ryan R" uniqKey="Neely R" first="Ryan R" last="Neely">Ryan R. Neely</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au3"><institution>National Centre for Atmospheric Science and the Institute of Climate and Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds</institution><addr-line>Leeds, UK</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Leeds</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="au4"><institution>Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research</institution><addr-line>Boulder, Colorado, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boulder, Colorado</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="au5"><institution>CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder</institution><addr-line>Boulder, Colorado, USA</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boulder, Colorado</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinsson, Bengt G" sort="Martinsson, Bengt G" uniqKey="Martinsson B" first="Bengt G" last="Martinsson">Bengt G. Martinsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au6"><institution>Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University</institution><addr-line>Lund, Sweden</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Lund</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brenninkmeijer, Carl A M" sort="Brenninkmeijer, Carl A M" uniqKey="Brenninkmeijer C" first="Carl A M" last="Brenninkmeijer">Carl A M. Brenninkmeijer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au7"><institution>Air Chemistry Division, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (Otto Hahn Institute)</institution><addr-line>Mainz, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Mainz</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Geophysical Research Letters</title><idno type="ISSN">0094-8276</idno><idno type="e-ISSN">1944-8007</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Recent studies revealed layers of enhanced aerosol scattering in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over Asia (Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL)) and North America (North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer (NATAL)). We use a sectional aerosol model (Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA)) coupled with the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) to explore the composition and optical properties of these aerosol layers. The observed aerosol extinction enhancement is reproduced by CESM1/CARMA. Both model and observations indicate a strong gradient of the sulfur-to-carbon ratio from Europe to the Asia on constant pressure surfaces. We found that the ATAL is mostly composed of sulfates, surface-emitted organics, and secondary organics; the NATAL is mostly composed of sulfates and secondary organics. The model also suggests that emission increases in Asia between 2000 and 2010 led to an increase of aerosol optical depth of the ATAL by 0.002 on average which is consistent with observations.</p><sec><title>Key Points</title><p><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p id="grl52767-li-0001">The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer is composed of sulfate, primary organics, and secondary organics
</p></list-item><list-item><p id="grl52767-li-0002">The North American Tropospheric Aerosol Layer is mostly composed of sulfate and secondary organics
</p></list-item><list-item><p id="grl52767-li-0003">Aerosol Optical Depth of Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer increases by 0.002 from 2000 to 2010
</p></list-item></list></p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adams, Dk" uniqKey="Adams D">DK Adams</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amann, M" uniqKey="Amann M">M Amann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bardeen, Cg" uniqKey="Bardeen C">CG Bardeen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Toon, Ob" uniqKey="Toon O">OB Toon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jensen, Ej" uniqKey="Jensen E">EJ Jensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marsh, Dr" uniqKey="Marsh D">DR Marsh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barth, Mc" uniqKey="Barth M">MC Barth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rasch, Pj" uniqKey="Rasch P">PJ Rasch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kiehl, Jt" uniqKey="Kiehl J">JT Kiehl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benkovitz, Cm" uniqKey="Benkovitz C">CM 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Thomason</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wiedinmyer, C" uniqKey="Wiedinmyer C">C Wiedinmyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akagi, Sk" uniqKey="Akagi S">SK Akagi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yokelson, Rj" uniqKey="Yokelson R">RJ Yokelson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Emmons, Lk" uniqKey="Emmons L">LK Emmons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Saadi, Ja" uniqKey="Al Saadi J">JA Al-Saadi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orlando, Jj" uniqKey="Orlando J">JJ Orlando</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suède</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Colorado</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Colorado"><name sortKey="Yu, Pengfei" sort="Yu, Pengfei" uniqKey="Yu P" first="Pengfei" last="Yu">Pengfei Yu</name></region><name sortKey="Neely, Ryan R" sort="Neely, Ryan R" uniqKey="Neely R" first="Ryan R" last="Neely">Ryan R. Neely</name><name sortKey="Neely, Ryan R" sort="Neely, Ryan R" uniqKey="Neely R" first="Ryan R" last="Neely">Ryan R. Neely</name><name sortKey="Toon, Owen B" sort="Toon, Owen B" uniqKey="Toon O" first="Owen B" last="Toon">Owen B. Toon</name><name sortKey="Toon, Owen B" sort="Toon, Owen B" uniqKey="Toon O" first="Owen B" last="Toon">Owen B. Toon</name><name sortKey="Yu, Pengfei" sort="Yu, Pengfei" uniqKey="Yu P" first="Pengfei" last="Yu">Pengfei Yu</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Neely, Ryan R" sort="Neely, Ryan R" uniqKey="Neely R" first="Ryan R" last="Neely">Ryan R. Neely</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Martinsson, Bengt G" sort="Martinsson, Bengt G" uniqKey="Martinsson B" first="Bengt G" last="Martinsson">Bengt G. Martinsson</name></noRegion></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Brenninkmeijer, Carl A M" sort="Brenninkmeijer, Carl A M" uniqKey="Brenninkmeijer C" first="Carl A M" last="Brenninkmeijer">Carl A M. Brenninkmeijer</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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